Reduced peptidoglycan synthesis capacity impairs growth of E. coli at high salt concentration

by Dema Alodaini, Victor Hernández-Rocamora, Gabriela Boelter, Xuyu Ma, Michael Alao, Hannah Doherty, Jack Bryant, Patrick Moynihan, Danesh Moradigaravand, Monika Glinkowska, Waldemar Vollmer, and Manuel Banzhaf
Research Article Year: 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00325-24

Extra Information

mBio, 15 (4)

Abstract

Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer between the cytoplasmic and outer membranes protecting the cell from osmotic challenges. Hydrolases of this structure are needed to cleave bonds to allow the newly synthesized peptidoglycan strands to be inserted by synthases. These enzymes need to be tightly regulated and their activities coordinated to prevent cell lysis. To better understand this process in Escherichia coli, we probed the genetic interactions of mrcA (encodes PBP1A) and mrcB (encodes PBP1B) with genes encoding peptidoglycan amidases and endopeptidases in envelope stress conditions. Our extensive genetic interaction network analysis revealed relatively few combinations of hydrolase gene deletions with reduced fitness in the absence of PBP1A or PBP1B, showing that none of the amidases or endopeptidases is strictly required for the functioning of one of the class A PBPs. This illustrates the robustness of the peptidoglycan growth mechanism. However, we discovered that the fitness of ∆mrcB cells is significantly reduced under high salt stress and in vitro activity assays suggest that this phenotype is caused by a reduced peptidoglycan synthesis activity of PBP1A at high salt concentration.